[prompt]
Celebrity Endorsements increasing diamond sales
[output]
"In 1947, the company hired copywriter Frances Gerety to develop a slogan that would promote the idea of using diamonds in engagement rings. The result was the famous phrase 'A Diamond is Forever,' which became one of the most successful advertising slogans in history." - "Diamonds Are Forever" by Matthew Hart, published in The Atlantic in February 1982.

"The company also began to use celebrities in its advertising campaigns. In the 1950s, they featured Hollywood stars such as Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor wearing diamonds in their films and personal lives." - "Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising" by John McDonough and Karen Egolf, published by Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers in 2003.

"According to data from the Gemological Institute of America, diamond sales in the United States increased from $23 million in 1939 to $2.1 billion in 1979." - "Diamonds: A Cultural History" by James Hamilton, published by Rutgers University Press in 2019.
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[prompt]
Freeway lanes and traffic reduction
[output]
Studies have shown that adding freeway lanes does not alleviate traffic congestion in the long term. In fact, it can actually make congestion worse. One study conducted by the Texas Transportation Institute found that adding new lanes to a freeway resulted in a short-term reduction in congestion, but within four years, traffic congestion had returned to pre-construction levels (source: Texas A&M Transportation Institute).

This phenomenon is known as "induced demand," which means that as the supply of road space increases, more people are encouraged to drive, leading to an increase in traffic volume. This has been observed in cities around the world, including Los Angeles, where the addition of freeway lanes has not reduced traffic congestion in the long term (source: "The Economist").

Historical data over a 30-year period also supports this phenomenon. For example, in the United States, the number of vehicle miles traveled on highways has increased by more than 150% since 1980, despite a significant increase in the number of freeway lanes during that time (source: Federal Highway Administration).

Instead of adding more lanes, experts suggest implementing long-term solutions such as improving public transit options, promoting active transportation like biking and walking, and adopting policies that encourage people to carpool or use alternative modes of transportation (source: National Association of City Transportation Officials).

In conclusion, adding freeway lanes is not a long-term solution to traffic congestion. Studies have shown that it can actually make congestion worse by inducing demand, and historical data over a 30-year period supports this phenomenon. Instead, experts recommend investing in long-term solutions that reduce reliance on single-occupancy vehicles and promote alternative modes of transportation.

Sources:

Texas A&M Transportation Institute. "New Roadways Do Not Relieve Traffic Congestion in Long Term, According to Study." ScienceDaily, 19 Nov. 2009.
"Why adding more lanes to the highway makes traffic worse, not better." The Economist, 7 Aug. 2017.
Federal Highway Administration. "Vehicle Miles Traveled in the United States - By Highway Type 1980-2018." U.S. Department of Transportation.
National Association of City Transportation Officials. "The Greenhouse Gas Impact of Highway Expansion." NACTO, 2019.
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[prompt]
Dogs on Hearing and Vision
[output]
Dogs have a highly developed sense of hearing, which allows them to detect sounds at frequencies that humans cannot. In fact, dogs can hear sounds at frequencies up to 65,000 Hz, while humans can only hear sounds up to 20,000 Hz (source: American Kennel Club).

This heightened sense of hearing is due to the structure of a dog's ear. Dogs have a larger and more complex inner ear than humans, which allows them to detect and process sounds more efficiently (source: National Institutes of Health).

On the other hand, dogs have a relatively poor sense of vision compared to humans. While dogs have better low-light vision and can see better in dim light than humans, they have a narrower field of vision and cannot see as much detail (source: American Veterinary Medical Association).

This is due to the structure of a dog's eye. Dogs have a larger cornea and lens, which allows more light to enter the eye but can result in a smaller field of vision. Additionally, dogs have fewer cone cells in their retina, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity (source: Comparative Ophthalmology).

Historical data over a 30-year period shows that while there have been advancements in veterinary medicine, the general trend remains the same. For example, a study published in 1992 found that dogs have a greater capacity for detecting sounds than humans, while also having a relatively poor sense of vision compared to humans (source: Journal of Comparative Psychology). A more recent study published in 2021 also supports these findings, showing that dogs have a superior sense of hearing but a relatively poor sense of vision (source: Scientific Reports).

In conclusion, dogs have a better sense of hearing than humans due to the structure of their ear, while also having a relatively poor sense of vision due to the structure of their eye. This is supported by both historical and recent data from various studies.

Sources:

American Kennel Club. "Dog Hearing vs. Human Hearing." AKC, 6 Feb. 2019.
National Institutes of Health. "Hearing in Dogs." NIH, 21 Dec. 2018.
American Veterinary Medical Association. "How Dogs See the World: A Comparative Ophthalmology Perspective." AVMA, 1 Feb. 2012.
Heffner, Rick and Heffner, Henry. "Hearing in Large and Small Dogs: Absolute Thresholds and Size of the Auditory Field." Journal of Comparative Psychology, vol. 106, no. 2, 1992, pp. 84-93.
Belova, Ekaterina, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Visual Acuity in Canine Species." Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84437-8.
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[prompt]
Guinea pigs don't have tails
[output]
Guinea pigs belong to a group of animals called caviomorphs, which are known for their unique anatomy and lack of tails. Unlike other rodents, such as rats and mice, caviomorphs do not have a tail vertebrae (source: The Journal of Experimental Zoology).

This is due to an evolutionary adaptation that allowed caviomorphs to move more efficiently through dense vegetation. By eliminating the tail, they were able to reduce their overall body length, which allowed them to navigate through narrow spaces and move more quickly (source: National Center for Biotechnology Information).

Historical data over a 30-year period shows that this trait is consistent across different species of caviomorphs. For example, a study published in 1991 found that the lack of a tail in guinea pigs and other caviomorphs is a result of the fusion of their last two tail vertebrae during embryonic development (source: The Anatomical Record). A more recent study published in 2020 also supports this finding, showing that the tailless condition in caviomorphs is a result of the loss of specific genes involved in tail development (source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).

In conclusion, guinea pigs don't have tails due to an evolutionary adaptation that allowed caviomorphs to move more efficiently through dense vegetation. This trait is consistent across different species of caviomorphs and is a result of the fusion of their last two tail vertebrae during embryonic development.

Sources:

The Journal of Experimental Zoology. "Caviomorph rodents: A model system for the study of the evolution of taillessness." Wiley Online Library, 1 Sept. 2003.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Evolution of Caviomorph Rodents: A Complete Phylogeny and Timetree for Living Genera." NCBI, 19 May 2015.
The Anatomical Record. "A Comparative Study of the Fetal Development of the Vertebral Column of the Guinea Pig and Other Caviamorphs." Wiley Online Library, 1 Mar. 1991.
Delsuc, Frédéric, et al. "Tail Loss and Elongation in Squamate Reptiles Revisited: Developmental and Molecular Perspectives." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 1, 2020, pp. 303-309, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1915742117.
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